| Lindert |
UK
Income Distributions |
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These are further from 100 than the Royal
Commission's "quantiles as % of median" because |
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| Aug.'88,
Revised Jan. '97 |
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Bordered sets assume spreads of |
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the
latter apparently use not means but class-border incomes on the borders
toward the median. |
|
More Inter-quantile
Ratios: |
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Bordered
sets assume spreads of |
Medians
for 1938/9 and 1949/50 are simple |
|
Class mean income before
taxes (current £) |
|
Class mean income after
taxes (current £) |
|
Implied percentage of taxation |
|
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|
Inland Revenue, Survey of
Personal Incomes (SPI) |
|
large-group totals across deciles |
|
Inland Revenue, Survey of
Personal Incomes (SPI) |
|
large-group
totals across deciles |
averages of 41-50% and 51-60% income aves. |
|
% |
Absolute |
|
(some figures for top and
bottom deciles could be, and were, taken |
|
(assuming before-tax
ranks = after-tax ranks) |
|
Ratios of class mean
incomes to median income: |
|
Pre-tax income |
|
Post-tax income |
|
Pre-tax minus post-tax
ratio difference |
|
|
Before-tax income among
tax units (Source: Royal Commission, 1977, pp. 240-3). |
using first subsequent detailed data. |
(current £) |
|
AFTER-tax
Income (again, Royal Commission, 1977) |
|
using
first subsequent detailed data. |
minus £2 in each case. |
|
|
|
diff. in |
diff. in |
|
from the original source
& not calculated with extra rounding.) |
|
(These rates appear
suspect before 1964/5.) |
(These rates appear
suspect before 1964/5.) |
|
Before taxes |
|
After taxes |
|
Top 5 %(x4) |
Top 20%/ |
Middle 20% |
Top 5 %(x4) |
Top 20%/ |
Middle 20% |
|
Top 5 %(x4) |
Top 20%/ |
Middle 20% |
|
| Year |
top 1% |
2-5% |
6-10% |
top 10% |
11-20% |
21-30% |
31-40% |
41-50% |
51-60% |
61-70% |
71-80% |
81-90% |
91-100% |
Median |
Mean |
Year |
Gini |
|
Year |
top 1% |
2-5% |
6-10% |
top 10% |
11-20% |
21-30% |
31-40% |
41-50% |
51-60% |
61-70% |
71-80% |
81-90% |
91-100% |
Median |
Mean |
Year |
Gini |
Year |
top 1% |
2-5% |
6-10% |
top 10% |
11-20% |
21-30% |
31-40% |
41-50% |
51-60% |
61-70% |
71-80% |
81-90% |
91-100% |
Year |
|
Gini |
Gini |
Year |
top 1% |
2-5% |
6-10% |
top 10% |
11-20% |
21-30% |
31-40% |
41-50% |
51-60% |
61-70% |
71-80% |
81-90% |
91-100% |
Year |
|
Year |
top 1% |
2-5% |
6-10% |
top 10% |
11-20% |
21-30% |
31-40% |
41-50% |
51-60% |
61-70% |
71-80% |
81-90% |
91-100% |
Median |
Mean |
Year |
|
Year |
top 1% |
top 10% |
71-100 |
91-100 |
Year |
top 1% |
top 10% |
71-100 |
91-100 |
Year |
/Middle 20% |
Middle 20% |
/Bottom 20% |
/Middle
20% |
Middle
20% |
/Bottom
20% |
Year |
/Middle
20% |
Middle
20% |
/Bottom 20% |
|
| 1938.5 |
17.1 |
14.4 |
9.0 |
40.5 |
11.9 |
8.8 |
7.3 |
6.5 |
5.8 |
5.3 |
5.7 |
4.6 |
3.5 |
184 |
303 |
1938.5 |
42.3 |
|
1938.5 |
11.7 |
13.6 |
9.3 |
34.6 |
12.7 |
9.6 |
8.3 |
7.4 |
6.5 |
5.6 |
6.3 |
5.1 |
4.0 |
186 |
271 |
1938.5 |
36.5 |
1938.5 |
5181 |
1091 |
545 |
1228 |
361 |
267 |
221 |
197 |
176 |
161 |
173 |
139 |
106 |
1938.5 |
|
13.71 |
5.8 |
1938.5 |
3171 |
921 |
504 |
939 |
344 |
260 |
224 |
201 |
176 |
151 |
172 |
138 |
107 |
1938.5 |
|
1938.5 |
38.8 |
15.5 |
7.6 |
23.5 |
4.5 |
2.4 |
-1.2 |
-1.9 |
0.1 |
6.3 |
0.4 |
0.9 |
-1.0 |
|
1938.5 |
|
1938.5 |
2816 |
593 |
76 |
58 |
1938.5 |
1705 |
495 |
75 |
58 |
1938.5 |
913 |
426 |
152 |
729 |
341 |
153 |
1938.5 |
184 |
85 |
-2 |
Reminders: |
|
| 1949.5 |
10.6 |
12.5 |
9.0 |
32.1 |
13.2 |
10.6 |
9.0 |
8.0 |
7.0 |
6.3 |
5.7 |
4.6 |
3.5 |
308 |
413 |
1949.5 |
36.4 |
|
1949.5 |
5.8 |
10.9 |
9.0 |
25.7 |
13.7 |
11.1 |
10.0 |
9.0 |
7.8 |
6.7 |
6.6 |
5.3 |
4.1 |
299 |
359 |
1949.5 |
30.2 |
1949.5 |
4378 |
1291 |
743 |
1330 |
545 |
438 |
372 |
330 |
289 |
260 |
235 |
190 |
145 |
1949.5 |
|
17.03 |
6.2 |
1949.5 |
2082 |
978 |
646 |
924 |
492 |
398 |
358 |
322 |
281 |
241 |
235 |
189 |
147 |
1949.5 |
|
1949.5 |
52.4 |
24.2 |
13.1 |
30.5 |
9.8 |
9.0 |
3.6 |
2.7 |
2.7 |
7.3 |
0.1 |
0.5 |
-1.4 |
|
1949.5 |
|
1949.5 |
1421 |
419 |
62 |
47 |
1949.5 |
696 |
327 |
64 |
49 |
1949.5 |
544 |
302 |
185 |
398 |
235 |
180 |
1949.5 |
146 |
67 |
5 |
(1) The underlying
rankings aren't the same. |
| 1954.5 |
8.8 |
10.9 |
8.6 |
28.3 |
13.8 |
11.4 |
10.0 |
8.8 |
7.8 |
6.5 |
5.6 |
4.4 |
3.4 |
460 |
562 |
1954.5 |
34.2 |
|
1954.5 |
4.8 |
9.8 |
8.6 |
23.2 |
14.1 |
12.1 |
10.3 |
9.3 |
8.1 |
6.9 |
6.6 |
5.3 |
4.1 |
409 |
498 |
1954.5 |
29.2 |
1954.5 |
4946 |
1531 |
967 |
1592 |
776 |
641 |
562 |
495 |
438 |
365 |
315 |
247 |
191 |
1954.5 |
|
14.62 |
5.0 |
1954.5 |
2390 |
1220 |
857 |
1155 |
702 |
603 |
514 |
461 |
403 |
346 |
328 |
264 |
205 |
1954.5 |
|
1954.5 |
51.7 |
20.3 |
11.4 |
27.4 |
9.5 |
5.9 |
8.6 |
6.8 |
8.0 |
5.4 |
-4.4 |
-6.7 |
-7.1 |
|
1954.5 |
|
1954.5 |
1075 |
333 |
55 |
42 |
1954.5 |
584 |
298 |
65 |
50 |
1954.5 |
419 |
254 |
213 |
337 |
215 |
184 |
1954.5 |
83 |
39 |
28 |
The top 5% of the pre-tax aren't the same |
| 1959.5 |
7.9 |
10.8 |
8.7 |
27.4 |
13.8 |
11.6 |
10.2 |
9.0 |
7.9 |
6.7 |
5.6 |
4.4 |
3.4 |
621 |
737 |
1959.5 |
33.4 |
|
1959.5 |
4.8 |
9.7 |
8.6 |
23.1 |
14.2 |
12.2 |
10.7 |
9.6 |
8.4 |
7.2 |
6.0 |
4.8 |
3.7 |
585 |
653 |
1959.5 |
29.1 |
1959.5 |
5822 |
1990 |
1282 |
2018 |
1017 |
855 |
752 |
663 |
582 |
494 |
413 |
324 |
251 |
1959.5 |
|
12.87 |
4.3 |
1959.5 |
3134 |
1584 |
1123 |
1512 |
927 |
797 |
699 |
627 |
549 |
470 |
390 |
313 |
243 |
1959.5 |
|
1959.5 |
46.2 |
20.4 |
12.4 |
25.1 |
8.8 |
6.8 |
7.1 |
5.5 |
5.8 |
4.8 |
5.4 |
3.3 |
3.0 |
|
1959.5 |
|
1959.5 |
938 |
320 |
53 |
40 |
1959.5 |
536 |
271 |
54 |
42 |
1959.5 |
390 |
244 |
217 |
322 |
207 |
211 |
1959.5 |
67 |
37 |
5 |
folks as the top 5% post-tax, etc. |
|
| 1964.5 |
7.7 |
10.6 |
8.7 |
27.0 |
13.9 |
11.7 |
10.1 |
9.1 |
7.9 |
6.8 |
5.6 |
4.5 |
3.4 |
849 |
1003 |
1964.5 |
33.0 |
|
1964.5 |
5.0 |
9.5 |
8.5 |
23.0 |
14.2 |
12.3 |
10.8 |
9.5 |
8.2 |
7.2 |
6.1 |
4.9 |
3.8 |
780 |
874 |
1964.5 |
28.8 |
1964.5 |
7723 |
2658 |
1745 |
2698 |
1394 |
1174 |
1013 |
913 |
792 |
682 |
562 |
451 |
336 |
1964.5 |
|
12.73 |
4.2 |
1964.5 |
4370 |
2076 |
1486 |
2012 |
1241 |
1075 |
944 |
830 |
717 |
629 |
533 |
428 |
335 |
1964.5 |
|
1964.5 |
43.4 |
21.9 |
14.9 |
25.4 |
11.0 |
8.4 |
6.8 |
9.0 |
9.6 |
7.7 |
5.1 |
5.1 |
0.3 |
|
1964.5 |
|
1964.5 |
910 |
313 |
53 |
40 |
1964.5 |
560 |
266 |
55 |
43 |
1964.5 |
381 |
241 |
215 |
328 |
210 |
203 |
1964.5 |
54 |
30 |
12 |
(2) We're only looking at
effects of taxes, |
|
| 1965.5 |
7.8 |
10.7 |
8.8 |
27.3 |
13.8 |
11.7 |
10.3 |
9.1 |
7.9 |
6.7 |
5.6 |
4.4 |
3.3 |
904 |
1071 |
1965.5 |
33.5 |
|
1965.5 |
4.8 |
9.5 |
8.5 |
22.8 |
14.3 |
12.3 |
10.8 |
9.5 |
8.4 |
7.2 |
6.0 |
4.8 |
3.7 |
817 |
915 |
1965.5 |
28.9 |
1965.5 |
8354 |
2865 |
1885 |
2925 |
1478 |
1253 |
1103 |
975 |
846 |
718 |
600 |
471 |
348 |
1965.5 |
|
13.73 |
4.6 |
1965.5 |
4392 |
2173 |
1556 |
2096 |
1308 |
1125 |
988 |
869 |
769 |
659 |
549 |
439 |
340 |
1965.5 |
|
1965.5 |
47.4 |
24.1 |
17.5 |
28.3 |
11.5 |
10.2 |
10.4 |
10.8 |
9.2 |
8.2 |
8.5 |
6.8 |
2.3 |
|
1965.5 |
|
1965.5 |
924 |
317 |
52 |
38 |
1965.5 |
538 |
266 |
54 |
42 |
1965.5 |
381 |
242 |
221 |
320 |
207 |
211 |
1965.5 |
62 |
35 |
10 |
not at effects of these plus expenditures. |
| 1966.5 |
7.2 |
10.4 |
8.8 |
26.4 |
13.9 |
11.9 |
10.4 |
9.3 |
8.0 |
6.8 |
5.6 |
4.5 |
3.2 |
952 |
1107 |
1966.5 |
32.8 |
|
1966.5 |
4.7 |
9.4 |
8.4 |
22.5 |
14.3 |
12.3 |
11.0 |
9.6 |
8.4 |
7.2 |
6.1 |
4.9 |
3.7 |
851 |
946 |
1966.5 |
28.7 |
1966.5 |
7970 |
2878 |
1948 |
2930 |
1539 |
1317 |
1151 |
1030 |
886 |
753 |
620 |
498 |
359 |
1966.5 |
|
12.50 |
4.1 |
1966.5 |
4446 |
2223 |
1589 |
2132 |
1353 |
1164 |
1041 |
908 |
795 |
681 |
577 |
464 |
348 |
1966.5 |
|
1966.5 |
44.2 |
22.8 |
18.4 |
27.2 |
12.1 |
11.7 |
9.6 |
11.8 |
10.3 |
9.5 |
6.9 |
6.9 |
3.1 |
|
1966.5 |
|
1966.5 |
837 |
302 |
52 |
38 |
1966.5 |
522 |
261 |
54 |
41 |
1966.5 |
357 |
233 |
225 |
313 |
204 |
209 |
1966.5 |
44 |
29 |
15 |
|
| 1967.5 |
7.0 |
10.4 |
8.8 |
26.2 |
14.0 |
12.0 |
10.4 |
9.3 |
8.0 |
6.8 |
5.6 |
4.4 |
3.2 |
1001 |
1162 |
1967.5 |
32.8 |
|
1967.5 |
4.6 |
9.4 |
8.5 |
22.5 |
14.3 |
12.3 |
11.1 |
9.7 |
8.4 |
7.2 |
6.0 |
4.8 |
3.6 |
889 |
987 |
1967.5 |
28.8 |
1967.5 |
8134 |
3021 |
2045 |
3045 |
1627 |
1394 |
1208 |
1081 |
930 |
790 |
651 |
511 |
369 |
1967.5 |
|
12.20 |
4.0 |
1967.5 |
4540 |
2319 |
1678 |
2225 |
1411 |
1214 |
1096 |
957 |
829 |
711 |
592 |
474 |
358 |
1967.5 |
|
1967.5 |
44.2 |
23.2 |
18.0 |
26.9 |
13.2 |
12.9 |
9.3 |
11.4 |
10.8 |
10.1 |
9.0 |
7.3 |
3.0 |
|
1967.5 |
|
1967.5 |
813 |
302 |
51 |
37 |
1967.5 |
511 |
261 |
53 |
40 |
1967.5 |
353 |
232 |
228 |
309 |
203 |
215 |
1967.5 |
44 |
29 |
12 |
For gini differentials,
see p. 6 above. |
|
| 1968.5 |
6.9 |
10.4 |
8.7 |
26.0 |
14.4 |
12.0 |
10.6 |
9.2 |
8.2 |
6.7 |
5.6 |
4.3 |
3.1 |
1055 |
1229 |
1968.5 |
33.1 |
|
1968.5 |
4.5 |
9.4 |
8.6 |
22.5 |
14.3 |
12.5 |
11.0 |
9.8 |
8.4 |
7.1 |
6.0 |
4.8 |
3.5 |
931 |
1031 |
1968.5 |
29.0 |
1968.5 |
8480 |
3195 |
2138 |
3191 |
1770 |
1475 |
1303 |
1131 |
1008 |
823 |
688 |
528 |
376 |
1968.5 |
|
12.39 |
4.1 |
1968.5 |
4640 |
2423 |
1773 |
2321 |
1474 |
1289 |
1134 |
1010 |
866 |
732 |
619 |
495 |
366 |
1968.5 |
|
1968.5 |
45.3 |
24.2 |
17.1 |
27.3 |
16.7 |
12.6 |
12.9 |
10.6 |
14.1 |
11.1 |
10.1 |
6.4 |
2.7 |
|
1968.5 |
|
1968.5 |
804 |
303 |
50 |
36 |
1968.5 |
498 |
260 |
53 |
39 |
1968.5 |
349 |
232 |
235 |
305 |
202 |
219 |
1968.5 |
44 |
30 |
16 |
|
| 1969.5 |
6.7 |
10.4 |
8.7 |
25.8 |
14.2 |
12.0 |
10.5 |
9.2 |
8.2 |
6.8 |
5.6 |
4.4 |
3.2 |
1158 |
1352 |
1969.5 |
32.6 |
|
1969.5 |
4.3 |
9.3 |
8.6 |
22.2 |
14.2 |
12.4 |
10.9 |
9.8 |
8.4 |
7.2 |
6.1 |
4.9 |
3.7 |
1008 |
1114 |
1969.5 |
28.4 |
1969.5 |
9058 |
3515 |
2352 |
3498 |
1920 |
1622 |
1420 |
1244 |
1109 |
919 |
757 |
595 |
430 |
1969.5 |
|
12.88 |
4.2 |
1969.5 |
4790 |
2590 |
1916 |
2485 |
1582 |
1381 |
1214 |
1092 |
936 |
802 |
680 |
546 |
413 |
1969.5 |
|
1969.5 |
47.1 |
26.3 |
18.6 |
29.0 |
17.6 |
14.9 |
14.5 |
12.2 |
15.6 |
12.8 |
10.2 |
8.2 |
4.0 |
|
1969.5 |
|
1969.5 |
782 |
304 |
51 |
37 |
1969.5 |
475 |
257 |
54 |
41 |
1969.5 |
347 |
230 |
229 |
299 |
200 |
212 |
1969.5 |
48 |
30 |
17 |
|
| 1970.5 |
6.2 |
10.4 |
9.1 |
25.7 |
14.2 |
12.0 |
10.7 |
9.1 |
7.9 |
6.9 |
5.6 |
4.5 |
3.3 |
1313 |
1544 |
1970.5 |
32.2 |
|
1970.5 |
4.1 |
9.3 |
8.6 |
22.0 |
14.5 |
12.5 |
11.0 |
9.5 |
8.5 |
7.2 |
6.1 |
4.9 |
4.0 |
1109 |
1256 |
1970.5 |
28.1 |
1970.5 |
9573 |
4014 |
2810 |
3967 |
2192 |
1853 |
1652 |
1405 |
1220 |
1065 |
865 |
695 |
516 |
1970.5 |
|
12.73 |
4.1 |
1970.5 |
5150 |
2920 |
2160 |
2761 |
1821 |
1570 |
1382 |
1193 |
1068 |
904 |
766 |
615 |
497 |
1970.5 |
|
1970.5 |
46.2 |
27.3 |
23.1 |
30.4 |
16.9 |
15.3 |
16.4 |
15.1 |
12.5 |
15.1 |
11.4 |
11.4 |
3.7 |
|
1970.5 |
|
1970.5 |
729 |
306 |
53 |
39 |
1970.5 |
464 |
263 |
56 |
45 |
1970.5 |
335 |
235 |
218 |
298 |
203 |
202 |
1970.5 |
38 |
32 |
16 |
|
| 1971.5 |
6.1 |
10.3 |
8.9 |
25.3 |
14.5 |
12.2 |
10.7 |
9.3 |
8.1 |
6.7 |
5.6 |
4.4 |
3.2 |
1462 |
1697 |
1971.5 |
32.5 |
|
1971.5 |
4.2 |
9.4 |
8.7 |
22.3 |
14.6 |
12.5 |
11.0 |
9.7 |
8.2 |
7.2 |
5.9 |
4.8 |
3.7 |
1249 |
1394 |
1971.5 |
28.9 |
1971.5 |
10352 |
4370 |
3021 |
4311 |
2461 |
2070 |
1816 |
1578 |
1375 |
1137 |
950 |
747 |
543 |
1971.5 |
|
11.08 |
3.6 |
1971.5 |
5855 |
3276 |
2426 |
3124 |
2035 |
1743 |
1533 |
1352 |
1143 |
1004 |
822 |
669 |
512 |
1971.5 |
|
1971.5 |
43.4 |
25.0 |
19.7 |
27.5 |
17.3 |
15.8 |
15.6 |
14.3 |
16.8 |
11.7 |
13.5 |
10.4 |
5.7 |
|
1971.5 |
|
1971.5 |
708 |
299 |
51 |
37 |
1971.5 |
469 |
262 |
53 |
41 |
1971.5 |
328 |
229 |
229 |
304 |
206 |
211 |
1971.5 |
|