Toward rental values of residences (see notes below)
LINDERT	Income Distribution among Families in England and Wales, 1688										Realty	Housing	Var. #1:	Rental
Aug.'88	Based on Lindert-Williamson revision of Gregory King (EEH 1982)										rental	rent	Housing	value of		Income Distribution among Families with Voting Rights:
Extended to									Share of	Absolute	income	occupied,	rent	(owned?)			England and Wales, 1688
cover fam. size,					Total	Cumul.	Cumul.	Contrib.	income	total	(LAE, '85,	at 8% of	paid	housing				Assumed	Number	Total	Cumul.	Cumul.	Contrib.
exp., Sept. 2000		No. of	Average	"heads per	income	families	income	to Gini	spent	expend.	p. 193)	income	out	(King, p.246)				franchise	of	income	families	income	to Gini
Class		families	income(£)	family"	(£1000s)	(%)	(%)		(%)	(£1000s)	(£1000s)	(£1000s)	(£1000s)	(£1000s)		Class		share	families	(£1000s)	(%)	(%)	(%)
Temporal lords		200	6060	40	1212.0	0.01	2.23	0.0003	0.857	1038.9	1090.8	97.0	0.0	96.0		Temporal lords		1.00	200	1212.0	0.09	5.28	0.005
Baronets		800	1500	16	1200.0	0.07	4.43	0.0038	0.927	1112.7	1080.0	96.0	0.0	128.0		Baronets		1.00	800	1200.0	0.47	10.51	0.057
Spiritual lords		26	1300	20	33.8	0.07	4.49	0.0002	0.846	28.6	30.4	2.7	0.0	12.5		Spiritual lords		1.00	26	33.8	0.48	10.66	0.002
Knights		600	800	13	480.0	0.12	5.37	0.0042	0.920	441.6	432.0	38.4	0.0	96.0		Knights		1.00	600	480.0	0.77	12.75	0.06
Esquires		3000	562.5	10	1687.5	0.33	8.47	0.03	0.933	1575.0	1518.8	135.0	0.0	240.0		Esquires		1.00	3000	1687.5	2.18	20.11	0.42
Merchants by sea, greater		2000	400	8	800.0	0.48	9.94	0.03	0.800	640.0	103.1	64.0	0.0			Merchants by sea, greater		0.73	1460	584.0	2.86	22.65	0.26
Merchants on land, greater		3264	400	6	1305.6	0.71	12.34	0.05	0.848	1107.8	206.2	104.4	0.0			Merchants on land, greater		0.73	2383	953.2	3.99	26.81	0.48
Gentlemen		15000	280	8	4200.0	1.79	20.06	0.32	0.929	3900.0	3930.0	336.0	0.0	480.0		Gentlemen		1.00	15000	4200.0	11.05	45.11	4.02
Persons in offices, greater		5000	240	8	1200.0	2.15	22.26	0.14	0.900	1080.0		89.5	89.5			Persons in offices, greater		0.00	0	0.0	11.05	45.11	0.00
Merchants by sea, lesser		8000	200	6	1600.0	2.72	25.20	0.24	0.900	1440.0	168.3	128.0	0.0			Merchants by sea, lesser		0.73	5842	1168.4	13.80	50.20	1.94
Merchants on land, lesser		13057	200	6	2611.4	3.66	30.00	0.46	0.848	2215.7	336.6	208.9	0.0			Merchants on land, lesser		0.73	9534	1906.8	18.28	58.51	3.44
Artisans and handicrafts		6745	200	4	1349.0	4.15	32.47	0.27	0.900	1214.1		100.6	100.6			Artisans and handicrafts		0.00	0	0.0	18.28	58.51	0.00
Law		8062	154	7	1241.5	4.73	34.76	0.34	0.850	1055.3		92.6	92.6			Law		0.00	0	0.0	18.28	58.51	0.00
Persons in offices, lesser		5000	120	6	600.0	5.09	35.86	0.22	0.900	540.0		44.7	44.7			Persons in offices, lesser		0.00	0	0.0	18.28	58.51	0.00
Freeholders, greater		27568	91	7	2508.7	7.07	40.47	1.27	0.917	2299.6	323.4	200.7	0.0	220.5		Freeholders, greater		0.73	20130	1831.8	27.76	66.50	7.48
Naval officers		5000	80	4	400.0	7.43	41.20	0.24	0.900	360.0		29.8	29.8			Naval officers		0.00	0	0.0	27.76	66.50	0.00
Clergymen, greater		2000	72	5	144.0	7.57	41.46	0.10	0.900	129.6	154.7	11.5	0.0			Clergymen, greater		0.73	1460	105.1	28.45	66.96	0.53
Science and Liberal Arts		12898	60	5	773.9	8.50	42.89	0.63	0.971	751.8		57.7	57.7			Science and Liberal Arts		0.00	0	0.0	28.45	66.96	0.00
Military officers		4000	60	4	240.0	8.79	43.33	0.20	0.933	224.0		17.9	17.9			Military officers		0.00	0	0.0	28.45	66.96	0.00
Freeholders, lesser		96490	55	5	5307.0	15.73	53.08	4.99	0.917	4864.7	684.1	424.6	0.0	540.3		Freeholders, lesser		0.73	70457	3875.1	61.61	83.84	20.14
Clergymen, lesser		10000	50	5	500.0	16.45	53.99	0.54	0.889	444.4	77.3	40.0	0.0			Clergymen, lesser		0.73	7300	365.0	65.05	85.44	1.46
Shopkeepers and tradesmen		101704	45	4.5	4576.7	23.76	62.40	5.57	0.958	4386.0	589.9	366.1	0.0	406.8		Shopkeepers and tradesmen		0.73	74264	3341.9	100.00	100.00	7.13
Farmers		103382	42.5	5	4393.7	31.20	70.47	5.79	0.950	4174.0		327.6	327.6	578.9		Farmers		0.00	0	0.0	100.00	100.00	0.00
Manufacturing trades		162863	38	4.5?	6188.8	42.91	81.84	9.16	1 ?	6188.8?		461.4	461.4			Manufacturing trades		0.00	0	0.0	100.00	100.00	0.00
Building trades		73018	25	4.5?	1825.5	48.16	85.19	3.99	1 ?	1825.5?		136.1	136.1			Building trades		0.00	0	0.0	100.00	100.00	0.00
Common seamen		50000	20	3	1000.0	51.75	87.03	2.60	1.071	1071.4		74.6	74.6	2799.1		Common seamen		0.00	0	0.0	100.00	100.00	0.00
Miners		14240	15	4.5?	213.6	52.78	87.42	0.72	?	213.6?		15.9	15.9			Miners		0.00	0	0.0	100.00	100.00	0.00
Laboring people & outservants		284997	15	3.5	4275.0	73.27	95.27	11.61	1.022	4370.0		318.7	318.7			Laboring people & outservants		0.00	0	0.0	100.00	100.00	0.00
Common soldiers		35000	14	2	490.0	75.79	96.17	1.07	1.071	525.0		36.5	36.5			Common soldiers		0.00	0	0.0	100.00	100.00	0.00
Cottagers and paupers		313183	6.5	3.25	2035.7	98.31	99.91	4.95	1.125	2290.2		151.8	151.8			Cottagers and paupers		0.00	0	0.0	100.00	100.00	0.00
Vagrants		23489	2	1?	47.0	100.00	100.00	0.03	1.500	70.5		3.5	3.5			Vagrants		0.00	0	0.0	100.00	100.00	0.00
All families		1390586	39.18		54483.2	(product fr. left)		Gini(%)											212456	22944.7			Gini (%)
		sum from above =			54440.248	(as in EEH '82)		55.55		43350.9		4212.29	1958.96										47.43
Top decile:	45.03															Top decile:	42.40
2nd decile:	13.05	58.08	Top 1%:		14.41	Mean (£):		39.18								2nd decile:	17.56	59.96	Top 1%:	13.97
3rd decile:	11.10	69.17	Top 5%:		35.59	Median (£):		20.00								3rd decile:	7.79	67.75	Top 5%:	29.43	Mean (£):		108.00
4th decile:	9.84	79.02														4th decile:	5.09	72.84			Median (£):		55.00
5th decile:	7.12	86.13	Top 20%:		58.08											5th decile:	5.09	77.93	Top 20%:	59.96
6th decile:	4.06	90.19	Next 40%:		32.11	Middle 20%:		11.17								6th decile:	5.09	83.02	Next 40%:	23.07
7th decile:	3.83	94.02	61-100:		9.81	Bottom 20%:		3.13								7th decile:	4.47	87.50	61-100:	16.97	Middle 20%:		10.19
8th decile:	2.85	96.87			100.00						National rental value of					8th decile:	4.17	91.67		100.00	Bottom 20%:		8.33
9th decile:	1.66	98.53									dwellings excl. land, per King					9th decile:	4.17	95.84
10th decile:	1.47	100.00		Absolute		Absolute	Absolute	Housing	Housing		(Notes, p. 246) = £3.25 m.,					10th decile:	4.16	100.00
				group incomes		group exp.	rental income	rent occ'd	rent paid out		or 5.9651 % of national income.
				(£1000s):		(£1000s):	(£1000s):	(£1000s):	(£1000s):	(% of ex.)	But the site value must be
			Top 1%:	7849.5		6991.8	5516.6	627.7	0.0	0.0	added in.  On P. 201 of the
			Top 5%:	19389.2		17254.7	8896.2	1526.6	316.2	1.8	Notes, he implies that the
			Top 10%	24532.9		22002.9	9493.5	1929.4	432.8	2.0	land under homesteads, is 1/5
			Top 20%:	31642.6		28593.9	10422.2	2497.8	432.8	1.5	of the total realty value.
			Next 40%:	17495.2							So value of dwellings =
			61-100:	5345.3							£4.0625 m. rental, or 7.456%
				54483.2							of national income.  Using the
								(% of ex.)			unit-elastic rule, assume every
					Top 1%:			8.97816			household occupied 7.456%
					Top 5%:			8.84743			worth of their income.
					Top 10%			8.76903			To add a bit of consumption
					Top 20%:			8.73538			value to the non-building
											realty they occupied, say
											8% of income was a residential
											consumption norm for top
											incomes.  This 8% is used
											above, for the landed classes.
											For the others, the 7.456%.
											Implied total residential
											consumption = £4.212 m., not
											far above the assumed
											housing consumption of
											¢4.0625 million.