A. Colin Cameron, Jonah B. Gelbach, and Douglas L. Miller
"Robust Inference with Multi-Way Clustering"
In this paper we propose a new variance estimator for OLS as well as for
nonlinear estimators such as logit, probit and GMM. This variance estimator
enables cluster-robust inference when there is two-way or multi-way clustering
that is non-nested. The variance estimator extends the standard cluster-robust
variance estimator or sandwich estimator for one-way clustering (e.g. Liang
and Zeger (1986), Arellano (1987)) and relies on similar relatively weak
distributional assumptions. Our method is easily implemented in statistical
packages, such as Stata and SAS, that already offer cluster-robust standard
errors when there is one-way clustering. The method is demonstrated by a
Monte Carlo analysis for a two-way random effects model; a Monte Carlo analysis
of a placebo law that extends the state-year effects example of Bertrand
et al. (2004) to two dimensions; and by application to two studies in the
empirical public/labor literature where two-way clustering is present.